In 2021, Chemical Insights Research Institute announced its expansion of the Center for Toxicology and Human Health. This Center increases Chemical Insights Research Institute’s ability to study how biological factors may increase individual susceptibility to environmental disease. The Center for Toxicology and Human Health is focused on evaluating the toxicity of aerosols released by consumer facing products and materials such as 3D printers and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Currently, scientists at Chemical Insights Research Institute are developing a framework using in vitro model systems to characterize chemical mechanisms of action and potential biomarkers of effect, which can be used to develop biological plausibility to support complementary molecular epidemiological studies.